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First International Symposium on 3D Data Processing Visualization and Transmission (3DPVT'02)   p. 428
Filling Holes in Complex Surfaces using Volumetric Diffusion

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DOI Bookmark: http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TDPVT.2002.1024098
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Abstract
We address the problem of building watertight 3D models from surfaces that contain holes -for example, sets of range scans that observe most but not all of a surface. We specifically address situations in which the holes are too geometrically and topologically complex to fill using triangulation algorithms. Our solution begins by constructing a signed distance function, the zero set of which defines the surface. Initially, this function is defined only in the vicinity of observed surfaces. We then apply a diffusion process to extend this function through the volume until its zero set bridges whatever holes may be present. If additional information is available, such as known-empty regions of space inferred from the lines of sight to a 3D scanner, it can be incorporated into the diffusion process. Our algorithm is simple to mplement, is guaranteed to produce manifold non-interpenetrating surfaces, and is efficient to run on large datasets because computation is limited to areas near holes.
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Citation:  James Davis, Stephen R. Marschner, Matt Garr, Marc Levoy, "Filling Holes in Complex Surfaces using Volumetric Diffusion," 3dpvt, p. 428,  First International Symposium on 3D Data Processing Visualization and Transmission (3DPVT'02),  2002

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