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April 2004 (Vol. 37, No. 4)   pp. 28-33
A Software Infrastructure for Authenticated Web Metering

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DOI Bookmark: http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MC.2004.1297298
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Abstract
The Internet has become a mainstream, multibillion dollar advertising channel. The popularity mechanisms that rule traditional advertising economics also rule online advertising, but traditional systems for measuring ad exposure are of little value. Even a trusted host site can generate statistics that don't correspond to real usage.

Advertisers and auditing companies haven't adopted a standard technique to accurately measure the number of visits a site receives and hence the advertising exposure. A proposed framework based on hash chains minimizes the overhead associated with the additional communication required to implement a counting technique. Testing in a prototype implementation indicates that the framework also guarantees security and nonrepudiation of the produced proof of visits.

References
[1] Interactive Advertising Bureau, "IAB Internet Advertising Revenue Report," 2002; www.iab.net/resourcesad_revenue.asp.
[2] M. Naor and B. Pinkas, "Secure and Efficient Metering," Proc. Int'l Conf. Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques (Eurocrypt 98), LNCS 1403, Springer-Verlag, 1998, pp. 576-590.
[3] C. Blundo et al., "Dynamic Multithreshold Metering Schemes," Proc. 7th Ann. Int'l Workshop Selected Areas in Cryptography (SAC 00), LNCS 2012, Springer-Verlag, 2000, pp. 130-144.
[4] L. Lamport, "Password Authentication with Insecure Communication," Comm. ACM, Nov. 1981, pp. 770-771.
[5] N. Haller, "The S/KEY One-Time Password System," RFC 1760, Internet Eng. Task Force, 1995; www.faqs.org/rfcsrfc1760.html.
[6] V. Anupam et al., "On the Security of Pay-Per-Click and Other Web Advertising Schemes," Proc. 8th World Wide Web Conf. (WWW8), Elsevier Science, 1999, pp. 1091-1100.
[7] M.K. Reiter, V. Anupam, and A. Mayer, "Detecting Hit Shaving in Click-Through Payment Schemes," Proc. 3rd Usenix Workshop Electronic Commerce, Usenix Assoc., 1998, pp. 155-166.
[9] M. Franklin and D. Malkhi, "Auditable Metering with Lightweight Security," Proc. Financial Cryptography (FC 97), LNCS 1318, Springer-Verlag, 1997, pp. 151-160.
[10] F. Bergadano and P. De Mauro, "Third-Party Certification of HTTP Service Access Statistics," Proc. Security Protocols Workshop, LNCS 1550, Springer-Verlag, 1998, pp. 94-99.
[11] A. Menezes, P. van Oorschot, and S. Vanstone, Handbook of Applied Cryptography, CRC Press, 1996.
[12] L. Stein, Writing Apache Modules, O'Reilly, 1999.
Additional Information

Citation:  Carlo Blundo, Stelvio Cimato, "A Software Infrastructure for Authenticated Web Metering," Computer, vol. 37,  no. 4,  pp. 28-33,  Apr.,  2004

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